FOUR LADS FROM LIVERPOOL

Twelve albums in seven years, and they changed how records get made.

The Four

They all grew up within a few miles of each other in Liverpool. None of them could read music.

John Lennon

Rhythm guitar, vocals
1940–1980

Started the band as a school group called the Quarrymen when he was sixteen. He wrote most of his songs with Paul, sitting face to face with two guitars.

Paul McCartney

Bass, vocals, piano
Born 1942

Left-handed, so he played his violin-shaped bass upside down. He also played drums, guitar and piano on records when the others weren't around.

George Harrison

Lead guitar, sitar
1943–2001

The youngest — only fifteen when he joined. He learned the sitar from Ravi Shankar and brought Indian instruments into pop music.

Ringo Starr

Drums, vocals
Born 1940

The oldest, and the last to join, in August 1962. His real name is Richard Starkey. He got one song to sing on most albums.

The Records

Twelve albums between 1963 and 1970. Tap any one to find out something about it.

The whole album was recorded in one day — about ten hours. John had a bad cold, which is why the last song sounds so rough. They did it that way because it was cheaper.
Released the same year as their first. Bands were expected to put out two albums a year back then, plus singles that weren't on the albums at all.
The only album where every song was written by the band themselves. The famous opening chord has been argued about by musicians for sixty years — nobody fully agrees on what notes are in it.
Made in gaps between touring, so they filled it out with old rock and roll songs they had played in Hamburg clubs.
This is the album with "Yesterday" on it — the first Beatles recording with a string quartet and no other Beatles playing at all.
The first pop record with a sitar on it, in "Norwegian Wood." George had picked one up on a film set and taught himself the part.
Full of studio experiments: backwards guitar, tape loops, a vocal sung through a spinning speaker. Some of it they could never play live.
They had stopped touring, so they spent about 700 hours in the studio — their first album had taken ten. The idea was to pretend to be a different band entirely.
Thirty songs across two records, most of them written while the band was in India. The plain white cover was the opposite of Sgt. Pepper on purpose.
A soundtrack to the cartoon film. Only four new Beatles songs on it — the rest is orchestra music written by their producer, George Martin.
The last one they recorded together. Side two runs eight short songs into each other without stopping, which almost nobody was doing then.
Recorded before Abbey Road but released after the band had already broken up. It was meant to be the album where they played everything live with no studio tricks.

In the Studio

Most of the tricks they used had never been done on a pop record. Some were invented in the building while they waited.

Backwards sound

Rain · I'm Only Sleeping

A tape got threaded the wrong way round by accident and they liked it. After that they recorded guitar parts, then played the tape backwards on purpose.

Two songs glued together

Strawberry Fields Forever

John liked the start of one version and the end of another, but they were in different keys and speeds. The engineer sped one up and slowed the other until they matched, then cut the tape and joined them. You can hear the join about a minute in.

Tape loops

Tomorrow Never Knows

They recorded short sounds, cut the tape into rings and ran them round pencils so they repeated forever. The "seagulls" are actually a sped-up guitar and a laugh.

Doubling a voice without singing twice

Almost everything after 1966

John hated recording his vocal twice, so an engineer at Abbey Road built a machine that copied the voice and delayed it slightly. It sounds like two people. They called it ADT.

An orchestra climbing a ladder

A Day in the Life

Forty classical musicians were told to start on the lowest note their instrument could play and slide up to the highest, all at their own speed. The final chord was three pianos hit at once and held for about forty seconds.

The Mellotron

Strawberry Fields Forever

An early keyboard with a strip of tape under every key. Press a key and it plays a recording of a real flute. It was the great-grandfather of every sampler in music today.

The Story

Thirteen years from a church fete to the last recording session.

6 July 1957

John meets Paul

Paul, aged fifteen, watches John's school band play at a church fete in Woolton, Liverpool, and shows him how to tune a guitar properly. John asks him to join.

1960–1962

Hamburg

They take a job playing in clubs in Germany, sometimes for eight hours a night, seven nights a week. It is where they get good.

August 1962

Ringo joins

He was already the best-known drummer in Liverpool, playing with a rival band. The line-up everybody knows is now complete.

9 February 1964

Beatlemania

They play a television show in New York watched by around 73 million people — roughly two out of every five Americans alive that night. Newspapers had already invented a word for the screaming crowds: Beatlemania.

15 August 1965

Shea Stadium

Over 55,000 people, the biggest concert crowd anyone had played to. The screaming was so loud the band could not hear themselves.

29 August 1966

The last concert

Candlestick Park in San Francisco, about twenty minutes from here. They stopped touring after this and became a studio band instead.

30 January 1969

The rooftop

They set up on the roof of their office in London and play to the street below without telling anyone. The police turn up and shut it down. It is their last public performance.

1970

The end

The band splits up. All four carry on making records on their own. They had been together, as the famous four, for seven and a half years.

About this project

This site was made by Arno for third grade, for a year all about the Beatles.

Everything here is facts, dates and stories — no song words and no photographs, because those belong to the people who made them. The pictures are drawn for this site.

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